Study of antibacterial activity of Ziziphus leaves and Ziziphus honey on some pathogenic bacteria; Bushra D. Hamad; Muhsin A. Essa; Angham J. Alwan

Abstract

this study was Conducted  to estimate the antibacterial activity of the Ziziphus leaves and honey compared with the activity of anumber of antibiotics and other types of honey, the aqueous extract and alcoholic extract were prepared .

The results showed that the aqueous extract of the Ziziphus leaves was more effective than the alcoholic extract of the plant on the bacteria studied.

It was found that increasing concentration of extract was accompanied by an increase in the effectiveness of inhibitory activity and the concentration 200 mg / cm3 had the best inhibitory effect on all bacteria studied Regarding the impact of Ziziphus honey was found to be effective inhibitory effect than in other species, and 100 mg / cm3 was the most effective.

When comparing the effectiveness of the Ziziphus extracts and honey with some antibiotics it was found that the concentration of 200 mg / cm3 of aqueous extract of Ziziphus leaves may have superior the effect on the bacteria studied compared to antibiotics Tetracycline, Rifampin, Doxycycline, Gentamicin. And was comparable in its effect of other antibiotics, Ziziphus honey Display superior to most antibiotics studied depending on the type of bacteria studied

Antimicrobial activist of vinegar and it's with honey mixture on some pathogenic bacteria : Bushra D. Hamad

Abstract

This research aim to study antibacterial activity of vinegar only and a mixture of vinegar and honey against some pathogenic bacteria .The results showed that mixture of vinegar and honey was more active than the vinegar only, and it was found that there were differences in sensitivity of studied bacteria towards that different lightening. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most sensitive to both concentrated 50/50, 25/75 it was shown the superiority of that mixture of vinegar and honey activity upon some of those antibiotics according to the type of studied bacteria, which may indicate the capability of using this mixture of vinegar and honey to control pathogens which are sensitive to it. 

Evaluation of Widal Test and Leukocyte count Test in diagnosis of Salmonella typhi in Nenavah province : Research submitted by Bushra D. Hamad and Muhsin A. Essa

Abstract

           This study was conducted for evaluating laboratory diagnosis reality of Salmonella typhi which causes typhoid fever that is considered one of an important health problems in Iraq.  Questionnaire study showed, that physicians depend on both of laboratory  results and clinical  symptoms in order to diagnose typhoid fever (83.6) % and there is an limited dependence on clinical  symptoms only (13.7) % or laboratory results only (2.7)% . There are a high rate of these physicians (78)%stated that there were insufficient accuracy about Widal test which is considered the unique laboratory test  used by laboratories, also, results showed  that Widal test represents (95.6)% of laboratory methods which is used to diagnose Salmonella typhi and culturing methods  is limited (4.4)% or not existed .

         When Widal test results were evaluated which is done in different health analysing laboratories in Nenavah province by using  Widal test (dilution method) the results showed great differences of results whether result type (positive or negative) or kind of antigens which showed  positive results.

          When leukocyte count was used as a test to support the diagnosis of typhoid fever, it was shown that there is a relation between   typhoid fever and decreasing leukocyte count in these patients.

Preparation of Culture media for Isolation and Identification of Salmonella typhi growth: Research submitted by Bushra D. Hamad and Dr. Muhsin A. Essa

Abstract 

           This study deals with the ability of preparing  local culture Media which can be used as a suitable replacement of Blood agar medium used for diagnosis of Salmonella typhi  by using some of plant and animals extracts as fish, dates and Alfalfa extracts.  fish and dates extracts were used together to prepare a local medium, the  study showed that the optimum proportions were (70)% fish extracts and (30)% dates extracts and other medium consists of fish and alfalfa extracts with an optimum proportions of (70)% fish extracts and (30)% alfalfa extracts, it selective and differential media were prepared and used to isolate and identify   Salmonella typhi.

Use of ELISA Test in Diagnosis of Salmonella typhi and Evaluation of Widal Test: Research submitted by Bushra D. Hamad and Dr. Muhsin A. Essa

Abstract

The search was conducted to study the possibility to use Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) in diagnosis of Salmonella typhi that cause typhoid fever, then using ELISA evaluation of Widal Test which done in laboratories of bacteriological analysis. The results showed differences in the ability of various antigens in sensitivity and detection of Salmonella typhi antibodies, it was found that the higher sensitivity by using somatic antigen (O) and flagellar antigen (H) and it was found that the positive results were increased when ELISA method used in comparison with Widal Test.