Abstract
When Egypt uprose,
under the leadership of Ahmed Urabi in
1881, against the shapes of the khedive tyranny and the foreign interference,
forming the first nationalist government of the people's will. Britain claimed
that the revelation had formed an unenviable danger for the future of the
khedive family, and it -Britain-
was keen to secure the future of this family, in the time, the real aim of Britain was the
continuity of its privileges in Egypt.
Britain acted
to occupy Egypt
in September 1882, against all the international laws and traditions. Then it
revenged upon the Urabi leaders, the matter that paved the way to control Egypt's fates
and its administrations, as if it were one of its colonies.
The research
is imposed of a preface and four chapters. The preface is considered as a
prelude to illustrate the roots of the foreign penetration in Egypt and its influence
in the rise of Urabi nationalist revolt 1881-1882 to the conclusion of the
British occupation upon Egypt.
The first
chapter studied "The British Colonial administration in Egypt "1882-1914",
and the way of this administration to control most of the Egyptian aspects. Succumbing
the country by a handfull of British officials who directed the Egyptian
privileges according to their wills and the privileges according the their
wills and the privileges of their government.
The second
chapter dealt with "The role of the political and intellectual currents in
the development of the Egyptian nationalist movement, that the men of those
currents had expressed their resentment to the forms of submission to foreign colonialism
and the necessity of unifying the efforts to expel the invader.
The third
chapter is allocated to study "The British policy toward the nationalist
press of Egypt
1882-1914" considering that the beginning of the first nationalist
patriotic movement was embodied in the national press and journals. The study
concentrated on the most famous Egyptian national journal and their attitudes
to the policy of the British occupation.
As for the
fourth chapter, it had dealt with the "British policy towards the
nationalist party "Al-Watani party" being the leader of the
nationalist movement in Egypt,
with the tracing of the party foundation stages from the stage since the stage of
the underground activity till the official birth of the party.
The
information given in this study allows us to look at the following conclusive
notes:-
The Egyptian
national movement was the product of political, economical, social and cultural
factors which were resulted from the stage of the national struggle against the
British occupation and under the influence of resisting it according to what
the development need had acquired and the Egyptian intellectual and cultural
heritage as well as the accumulative storage of the cultural experiences which
had vacillated the operation of forming the Egyptian nationalist feeling.
This had led
to the rise of the political, intellectual and religions leaderships which
worked to spread and cast the nationalist feeling, putting the wills up
together and illuminating the minds, announcing its rejection to the tyranny of
the ruling khedive family as well as confronting the authorities of the British
occupation.
The British
policy toward the nationalist movement in Egypt had been characterized by the
refusal and enmity, for it stands in the opposite side of its privilege and greediness
to act at last containing the nationalist movement and minimizing it.
